Unravelling Sudan’s war: actors and future trajectories

This paper examines Sudan’s main political and military actors, their interests, alliances, and roles within a rapidly evolving context. It highlights key risks—including humanitarian collapse and large-scale displacement—and outlines potential scenarios for the country’s political future and democratic transition. The analysis draws on insights from a closed-door roundtable hosted by CeSPI on February 5, 2025, with support from Fondazione Compagnia di San Paolo. The event brought together scholars, humanitarian professionals, civil society representatives, and international experts to assess the root causes of the conflict, the interplay between key actors, and the broader social and migratory consequences. The result is a forward-looking paper offering analytical depth and strategic perspective for those engaged in understanding or responding to Sudan’s evolving crisis.